Functional programming
& purrr

Lecture 09

Dr. Colin Rundel

Rectangling

Star Wars & repurrrsive

repurrrsive is a package that contains a number of interesting example data sets that are stored in a hierarchical format. Many come from web-based APIs which provide results as JSON.

str(repurrrsive::sw_people)
List of 87
 $ :List of 16
  ..$ name      : chr "Luke Skywalker"
  ..$ height    : chr "172"
  ..$ mass      : chr "77"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "blond"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "19BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:5] "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/" ...
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/14/" "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/30/"
  ..$ starships : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-09T13:50:51.644000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:56.891000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/1/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "C-3PO"
  ..$ height    : chr "167"
  ..$ mass      : chr "75"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "n/a"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "gold"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "112BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "n/a"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:6] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" ...
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/2/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T15:10:51.357000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.309000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/2/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "R2-D2"
  ..$ height    : chr "96"
  ..$ mass      : chr "32"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "n/a"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "white, blue"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "red"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "33BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "n/a"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:7] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" ...
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/2/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T15:11:50.376000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.311000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/3/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Darth Vader"
  ..$ height    : chr "202"
  ..$ mass      : chr "136"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "white"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "41.9BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:4] "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/13/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T15:18:20.704000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.313000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/4/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Leia Organa"
  ..$ height    : chr "150"
  ..$ mass      : chr "49"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "19BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/2/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:5] "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/" ...
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/30/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T15:20:09.791000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.315000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/5/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Owen Lars"
  ..$ height    : chr "178"
  ..$ mass      : chr "120"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown, grey"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "52BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T15:52:14.024000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.317000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/6/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Beru Whitesun lars"
  ..$ height    : chr "165"
  ..$ mass      : chr "75"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "47BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T15:53:41.121000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.319000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/7/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "R5-D4"
  ..$ height    : chr "97"
  ..$ mass      : chr "32"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "n/a"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "white, red"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "red"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "n/a"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/2/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T15:57:50.959000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.321000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/8/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Biggs Darklighter"
  ..$ height    : chr "183"
  ..$ mass      : chr "84"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "24BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T15:59:50.509000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.323000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/9/"
 $ :List of 16
  ..$ name      : chr "Obi-Wan Kenobi"
  ..$ height    : chr "182"
  ..$ mass      : chr "77"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "auburn, white"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue-gray"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "57BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/20/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:6] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" ...
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/38/"
  ..$ starships : chr [1:5] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/48/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/59/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/64/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/65/" ...
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T16:16:29.192000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.325000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/10/"
 $ :List of 16
  ..$ name      : chr "Anakin Skywalker"
  ..$ height    : chr "188"
  ..$ mass      : chr "84"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "blond"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "41.9BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/44/" "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/46/"
  ..$ starships : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/59/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/65/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/39/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T16:20:44.310000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.327000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/11/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Wilhuff Tarkin"
  ..$ height    : chr "180"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "auburn, grey"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "64BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/21/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T16:26:56.138000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.330000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/12/"
 $ :List of 16
  ..$ name      : chr "Chewbacca"
  ..$ height    : chr "228"
  ..$ mass      : chr "112"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "unknown"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "200BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/14/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:5] "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/" ...
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/3/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/19/"
  ..$ starships : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T16:42:45.066000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.332000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/13/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Han Solo"
  ..$ height    : chr "180"
  ..$ mass      : chr "80"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "29BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/22/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:4] "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/7/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T16:49:14.582000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.334000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/14/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Greedo"
  ..$ height    : chr "173"
  ..$ mass      : chr "74"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "n/a"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "green"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "44BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/23/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/4/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T17:03:30.334000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.336000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/15/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Jabba Desilijic Tiure"
  ..$ height    : chr "175"
  ..$ mass      : chr "1,358"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "n/a"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "green-tan, brown"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "orange"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "600BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "hermaphrodite"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/24/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/5/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T17:11:31.638000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.338000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/16/"
 $ :List of 16
  ..$ name      : chr "Wedge Antilles"
  ..$ height    : chr "170"
  ..$ mass      : chr "77"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "hazel"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "21BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/22/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/14/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-12T11:08:06.469000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.341000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/18/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Jek Tono Porkins"
  ..$ height    : chr "180"
  ..$ mass      : chr "110"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/26/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-12T11:16:56.569000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.343000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/19/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Yoda"
  ..$ height    : chr "66"
  ..$ mass      : chr "17"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "white"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "green"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "896BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:5] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" ...
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/6/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-15T12:26:01.042000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.345000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/20/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Palpatine"
  ..$ height    : chr "170"
  ..$ mass      : chr "75"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "grey"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "pale"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "82BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:5] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" ...
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-15T12:48:05.971000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.347000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/21/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Boba Fett"
  ..$ height    : chr "183"
  ..$ mass      : chr "78.2"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "31.5BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/10/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/21/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-15T12:49:32.457000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.349000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/22/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "IG-88"
  ..$ height    : chr "200"
  ..$ mass      : chr "140"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "metal"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "red"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "15BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "none"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/2/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-15T12:51:10.076000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.351000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/23/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Bossk"
  ..$ height    : chr "190"
  ..$ mass      : chr "113"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "green"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "red"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "53BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/29/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/7/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-15T12:53:49.297000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.355000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/24/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Lando Calrissian"
  ..$ height    : chr "177"
  ..$ mass      : chr "79"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "dark"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "31BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/30/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-15T12:56:32.683000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.357000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/25/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Lobot"
  ..$ height    : chr "175"
  ..$ mass      : chr "79"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "37BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/6/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-15T13:01:57.178000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.359000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/26/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Ackbar"
  ..$ height    : chr "180"
  ..$ mass      : chr "83"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "brown mottle"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "orange"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "41BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/31/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/7/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/8/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-18T11:07:50.584000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.362000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/27/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Mon Mothma"
  ..$ height    : chr "150"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "auburn"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "48BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/32/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-18T11:12:38.895000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.364000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/28/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Arvel Crynyd"
  ..$ height    : chr "unknown"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/28/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-18T11:16:33.020000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.367000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/29/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Wicket Systri Warrick"
  ..$ height    : chr "88"
  ..$ mass      : chr "20"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "8BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/7/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/9/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-18T11:21:58.954000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.369000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/30/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Nien Nunb"
  ..$ height    : chr "160"
  ..$ mass      : chr "68"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/33/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/10/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-18T11:26:18.541000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.371000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/31/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Qui-Gon Jinn"
  ..$ height    : chr "193"
  ..$ mass      : chr "89"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "92BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/38/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T16:54:53.618000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.375000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/32/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Nute Gunray"
  ..$ height    : chr "191"
  ..$ mass      : chr "90"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "mottled green"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "red"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/18/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/11/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:05:57.357000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.377000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/33/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Finis Valorum"
  ..$ height    : chr "170"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "blond"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "91BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/9/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:21:45.915000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.379000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/34/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Jar Jar Binks"
  ..$ height    : chr "196"
  ..$ mass      : chr "66"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "orange"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "orange"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "52BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/12/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:29:32.489000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.383000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/36/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Roos Tarpals"
  ..$ height    : chr "224"
  ..$ mass      : chr "82"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "orange"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/12/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:32:56.741000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.385000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/37/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Rugor Nass"
  ..$ height    : chr "206"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "green"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "orange"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/12/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:33:38.909000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.388000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/38/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Ric Olié"
  ..$ height    : chr "183"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/40/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:45:01.522000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.392000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/39/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Watto"
  ..$ height    : chr "137"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "blue, grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/34/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/13/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:48:54.647000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.395000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/40/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Sebulba"
  ..$ height    : chr "112"
  ..$ mass      : chr "40"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey, red"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "orange"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/35/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/14/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:53:02.586000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.397000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/41/"
 $ :List of 13
  ..$ name      : chr "Quarsh Panaka"
  ..$ height    : chr "183"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "dark"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "62BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:55:43.348000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.399000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/42/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Shmi Skywalker"
  ..$ height    : chr "163"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "72BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:57:41.191000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.401000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/43/"
 $ :List of 16
  ..$ name      : chr "Darth Maul"
  ..$ height    : chr "175"
  ..$ mass      : chr "80"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "red"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "54BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/36/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/22/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/42/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/41/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T18:00:41.929000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.403000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/44/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Bib Fortuna"
  ..$ height    : chr "180"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "pale"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "pink"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/37/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/15/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T09:47:02.512000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.407000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/45/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Ayla Secura"
  ..$ height    : chr "178"
  ..$ mass      : chr "55"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "blue"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "hazel"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "48BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/37/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/15/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T09:48:01.172000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.409000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/46/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Dud Bolt"
  ..$ height    : chr "94"
  ..$ mass      : chr "45"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "blue, grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/39/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/17/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T09:57:31.858000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.414000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/48/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Gasgano"
  ..$ height    : chr "122"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "white, blue"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/40/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/18/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:02:12.223000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.416000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/49/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Ben Quadinaros"
  ..$ height    : chr "163"
  ..$ mass      : chr "65"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey, green, yellow"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "orange"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/41/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/19/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:08:33.777000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.417000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/50/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Mace Windu"
  ..$ height    : chr "188"
  ..$ mass      : chr "84"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "dark"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "72BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/42/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:12:30.846000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.420000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/51/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Ki-Adi-Mundi"
  ..$ height    : chr "198"
  ..$ mass      : chr "82"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "white"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "pale"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "92BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/43/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/20/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:15:32.293000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.422000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/52/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Kit Fisto"
  ..$ height    : chr "196"
  ..$ mass      : chr "87"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "green"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/44/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/21/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:18:57.202000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.424000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/53/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Eeth Koth"
  ..$ height    : chr "171"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/45/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/22/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:26:47.902000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.427000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/54/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Adi Gallia"
  ..$ height    : chr "184"
  ..$ mass      : chr "50"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "dark"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/9/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/23/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:29:11.661000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.432000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/55/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Saesee Tiin"
  ..$ height    : chr "188"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "pale"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "orange"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/47/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/24/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:32:11.669000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.434000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/56/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Yarael Poof"
  ..$ height    : chr "264"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "white"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/48/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/25/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:34:48.725000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.437000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/57/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Plo Koon"
  ..$ height    : chr "188"
  ..$ mass      : chr "80"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "orange"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "22BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/49/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/26/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/48/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:49:19.859000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.439000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/58/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Mas Amedda"
  ..$ height    : chr "196"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "blue"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/50/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/27/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:53:26.457000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.442000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/59/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Gregar Typho"
  ..$ height    : chr "185"
  ..$ mass      : chr "85"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "dark"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/39/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T11:10:10.381000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.445000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/60/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Cordé"
  ..$ height    : chr "157"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T11:11:39.630000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.449000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/61/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Cliegg Lars"
  ..$ height    : chr "183"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "82BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T15:59:03.958000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.451000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/62/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Poggle the Lesser"
  ..$ height    : chr "183"
  ..$ mass      : chr "80"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "green"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/11/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/28/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T16:40:43.977000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.453000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/63/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Luminara Unduli"
  ..$ height    : chr "170"
  ..$ mass      : chr "56.2"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "yellow"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "58BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/51/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/29/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T16:45:53.668000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.455000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/64/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Barriss Offee"
  ..$ height    : chr "166"
  ..$ mass      : chr "50"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "yellow"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "40BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/51/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/29/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T16:46:40.440000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.457000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/65/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Dormé"
  ..$ height    : chr "165"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T16:49:14.640000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.460000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/66/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Dooku"
  ..$ height    : chr "193"
  ..$ mass      : chr "80"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "white"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "102BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/52/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/55/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T16:52:14.726000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.462000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/67/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Bail Prestor Organa"
  ..$ height    : chr "191"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "tan"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "67BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/2/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T16:53:08.575000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.463000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/68/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Jango Fett"
  ..$ height    : chr "183"
  ..$ mass      : chr "79"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "tan"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "66BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/53/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T16:54:41.620000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.465000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/69/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Zam Wesell"
  ..$ height    : chr "168"
  ..$ mass      : chr "55"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "blonde"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair, green, yellow"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/54/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/30/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/45/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T16:57:44.471000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.468000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/70/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Dexter Jettster"
  ..$ height    : chr "198"
  ..$ mass      : chr "102"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/55/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/31/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T17:28:27.248000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.470000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/71/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Lama Su"
  ..$ height    : chr "229"
  ..$ mass      : chr "88"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/10/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/32/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T17:30:50.416000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.473000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/72/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Taun We"
  ..$ height    : chr "213"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/10/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/32/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T17:31:21.195000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.474000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/73/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Jocasta Nu"
  ..$ height    : chr "167"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "white"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/9/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T17:32:51.996000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.476000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/74/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Ratts Tyerell"
  ..$ height    : chr "79"
  ..$ mass      : chr "15"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey, blue"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "unknown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/38/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/16/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T09:53:15.086000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2016-06-30T12:52:19.604868Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/47/"
 $ :List of 13
  ..$ name      : chr "R4-P17"
  ..$ height    : chr "96"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "silver, red"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "red, blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T17:43:36.409000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.478000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/75/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Wat Tambor"
  ..$ height    : chr "193"
  ..$ mass      : chr "48"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "green, grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "unknown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/56/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/33/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T17:53:52.607000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.481000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/76/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "San Hill"
  ..$ height    : chr "191"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "gold"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/57/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/34/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T17:58:17.049000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.484000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/77/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Shaak Ti"
  ..$ height    : chr "178"
  ..$ mass      : chr "57"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "red, blue, white"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/58/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/35/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T18:44:01.103000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.486000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/78/"
 $ :List of 16
  ..$ name      : chr "Grievous"
  ..$ height    : chr "216"
  ..$ mass      : chr "159"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "brown, white"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "green, yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/59/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/36/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/60/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/74/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T19:43:53.348000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.488000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/79/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "Tarfful"
  ..$ height    : chr "234"
  ..$ mass      : chr "136"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/14/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/3/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T19:46:34.209000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.491000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/80/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Raymus Antilles"
  ..$ height    : chr "188"
  ..$ mass      : chr "79"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/2/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T19:49:35.583000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.493000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/81/"
 $ :List of 13
  ..$ name      : chr "Sly Moore"
  ..$ height    : chr "178"
  ..$ mass      : chr "48"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "pale"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "white"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/60/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T20:18:37.619000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.496000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/82/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Tion Medon"
  ..$ height    : chr "206"
  ..$ mass      : chr "80"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/12/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/37/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T20:35:04.260000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.498000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/83/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "Finn"
  ..$ height    : chr "unknown"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "dark"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "dark"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/7/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2015-04-17T06:52:40.793621Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2015-04-17T06:52:40.793674Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/84/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "Rey"
  ..$ height    : chr "unknown"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "hazel"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/7/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2015-04-17T06:54:01.495077Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2015-04-17T06:54:01.495128Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/85/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "Poe Dameron"
  ..$ height    : chr "unknown"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/7/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/77/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2015-04-17T06:55:21.622786Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2015-04-17T06:55:21.622835Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/86/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "BB8"
  ..$ height    : chr "unknown"
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  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "none"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "none"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/7/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/2/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2015-04-17T06:57:38.061346Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2015-04-17T06:57:38.061453Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/87/"
 $ :List of 13
  ..$ name      : chr "Captain Phasma"
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  ..$ hair_color: chr "unknown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "unknown"
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  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/7/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2015-10-13T10:35:39.229823Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2015-10-13T10:35:39.229894Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/88/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "Padmé Amidala"
  ..$ height    : chr "165"
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  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "46BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/49/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/64/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/39/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:28:26.926000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2016-04-20T17:06:31.502555Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/35/"

RStudio data viewer

View(repurrrsive::sw_people)

List columns

We can make sw_people into a data frame by treating the original list as a single column in a data frame.

(sw_df = tibble::tibble(
  people = repurrrsive::sw_people
))
# A tibble: 87 × 1
   people           
   <list>           
 1 <named list [16]>
 2 <named list [14]>
 3 <named list [14]>
 4 <named list [15]>
 5 <named list [15]>
 6 <named list [14]>
 7 <named list [14]>
 8 <named list [14]>
 9 <named list [15]>
10 <named list [16]>
# ℹ 77 more rows
as.data.frame(sw_df) |> head()
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            people
1 Luke Skywalker, 172, 77, blond, fair, blue, 19BBY, male, http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/, http://swapi.co/api/films/6/, http://swapi.co/api/films/3/, http://swapi.co/api/films/2/, http://swapi.co/api/films/1/, http://swapi.co/api/films/7/, http://swapi.co/api/species/1/, http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/14/, http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/30/, http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/, http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/, 2014-12-09T13:50:51.644000Z, 2014-12-20T21:17:56.891000Z, http://swapi.co/api/people/1/
2                                                                                                                      C-3PO, 167, 75, n/a, gold, yellow, 112BBY, n/a, http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/, http://swapi.co/api/films/5/, http://swapi.co/api/films/4/, http://swapi.co/api/films/6/, http://swapi.co/api/films/3/, http://swapi.co/api/films/2/, http://swapi.co/api/films/1/, http://swapi.co/api/species/2/, 2014-12-10T15:10:51.357000Z, 2014-12-20T21:17:50.309000Z, http://swapi.co/api/people/2/
3                                                                                      R2-D2, 96, 32, n/a, white, blue, red, 33BBY, n/a, http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/, http://swapi.co/api/films/5/, http://swapi.co/api/films/4/, http://swapi.co/api/films/6/, http://swapi.co/api/films/3/, http://swapi.co/api/films/2/, http://swapi.co/api/films/1/, http://swapi.co/api/films/7/, http://swapi.co/api/species/2/, 2014-12-10T15:11:50.376000Z, 2014-12-20T21:17:50.311000Z, http://swapi.co/api/people/3/
4                                                                                                                                    Darth Vader, 202, 136, none, white, yellow, 41.9BBY, male, http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/, http://swapi.co/api/films/6/, http://swapi.co/api/films/3/, http://swapi.co/api/films/2/, http://swapi.co/api/films/1/, http://swapi.co/api/species/1/, http://swapi.co/api/starships/13/, 2014-12-10T15:18:20.704000Z, 2014-12-20T21:17:50.313000Z, http://swapi.co/api/people/4/
5                                                                                                        Leia Organa, 150, 49, brown, light, brown, 19BBY, female, http://swapi.co/api/planets/2/, http://swapi.co/api/films/6/, http://swapi.co/api/films/3/, http://swapi.co/api/films/2/, http://swapi.co/api/films/1/, http://swapi.co/api/films/7/, http://swapi.co/api/species/1/, http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/30/, 2014-12-10T15:20:09.791000Z, 2014-12-20T21:17:50.315000Z, http://swapi.co/api/people/5/
6                                                                                                                                                                                                    Owen Lars, 178, 120, brown, grey, light, blue, 52BBY, male, http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/, http://swapi.co/api/films/5/, http://swapi.co/api/films/6/, http://swapi.co/api/films/1/, http://swapi.co/api/species/1/, 2014-12-10T15:52:14.024000Z, 2014-12-20T21:17:50.317000Z, http://swapi.co/api/people/6/

Unnesting

sw_df |>
  unnest_wider(people)
# A tibble: 87 × 16
   name        height mass  hair_color skin_color eye_color birth_year
   <chr>       <chr>  <chr> <chr>      <chr>      <chr>     <chr>     
 1 Luke Skywa… 172    77    blond      fair       blue      19BBY     
 2 C-3PO       167    75    n/a        gold       yellow    112BBY    
 3 R2-D2       96     32    n/a        white, bl… red       33BBY     
 4 Darth Vader 202    136   none       white      yellow    41.9BBY   
 5 Leia Organa 150    49    brown      light      brown     19BBY     
 6 Owen Lars   178    120   brown, gr… light      blue      52BBY     
 7 Beru White… 165    75    brown      light      blue      47BBY     
 8 R5-D4       97     32    n/a        white, red red       unknown   
 9 Biggs Dark… 183    84    black      light      brown     24BBY     
10 Obi-Wan Ke… 182    77    auburn, w… fair       blue-gray 57BBY     
# ℹ 77 more rows
# ℹ 9 more variables: gender <chr>, homeworld <chr>, films <list>,
#   species <chr>, vehicles <list>, starships <list>, created <chr>,
#   edited <chr>, url <chr>

Unnesting - column types

sw_df |>
  unnest_wider(people) |>
  pull(height)
 [1] "172"     "167"     "96"      "202"     "150"     "178"    
 [7] "165"     "97"      "183"     "182"     "188"     "180"    
[13] "228"     "180"     "173"     "175"     "170"     "180"    
[19] "66"      "170"     "183"     "200"     "190"     "177"    
[25] "175"     "180"     "150"     "unknown" "88"      "160"    
[31] "193"     "191"     "170"     "196"     "224"     "206"    
[37] "183"     "137"     "112"     "183"     "163"     "175"    
[43] "180"     "178"     "94"      "122"     "163"     "188"    
[49] "198"     "196"     "171"     "184"     "188"     "264"    
[55] "188"     "196"     "185"     "157"     "183"     "183"    
[61] "170"     "166"     "165"     "193"     "191"     "183"    
[67] "168"     "198"     "229"     "213"     "167"     "79"     
[73] "96"      "193"     "191"     "178"     "216"     "234"    
[79] "188"     "178"     "206"     "unknown" "unknown" "unknown"
[85] "unknown" "unknown" "165"    

More list columns

sw_df |>
  unnest_wider(people) |> 
  select(name, starships)
# A tibble: 87 × 2
   name               starships
   <chr>              <list>   
 1 Luke Skywalker     <chr [2]>
 2 C-3PO              <NULL>   
 3 R2-D2              <NULL>   
 4 Darth Vader        <chr [1]>
 5 Leia Organa        <NULL>   
 6 Owen Lars          <NULL>   
 7 Beru Whitesun lars <NULL>   
 8 R5-D4              <NULL>   
 9 Biggs Darklighter  <chr [1]>
10 Obi-Wan Kenobi     <chr [5]>
# ℹ 77 more rows
sw_df |>
  unnest_wider(people) |> 
  select(name, starships) |>
  pull(starships) |>
  str()
List of 87
 $ : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/13/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/"
 $ : chr [1:5] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/48/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/59/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/64/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/65/" ...
 $ : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/59/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/65/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/39/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/"
 $ : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/"
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/21/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/28/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/40/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/41/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/48/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/39/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/74/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/77/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/49/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/64/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/39/"

Unnest Longer

unnest_wider(sw_df, people) |> 
  select(name, starships) |>
  unnest_longer(starships)
# A tibble: 31 × 2
   name              starships                        
   <chr>             <chr>                            
 1 Luke Skywalker    http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/
 2 Luke Skywalker    http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/
 3 Darth Vader       http://swapi.co/api/starships/13/
 4 Biggs Darklighter http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/
 5 Obi-Wan Kenobi    http://swapi.co/api/starships/48/
 6 Obi-Wan Kenobi    http://swapi.co/api/starships/59/
 7 Obi-Wan Kenobi    http://swapi.co/api/starships/64/
 8 Obi-Wan Kenobi    http://swapi.co/api/starships/65/
 9 Obi-Wan Kenobi    http://swapi.co/api/starships/74/
10 Anakin Skywalker  http://swapi.co/api/starships/59/
# ℹ 21 more rows

General advice

  • If there is a consistent set of entries (usually named) in the list column, use unnest_wider()

  • If there are different numbers of entries (often unnamed) in the list column, use unnest_longer()

  • Never use just unnest() - it can be inconsistent depending on input data

  • Think about if you need all the data or not - unnest_*() are not always the best choice (more on the hoist() sortly)

Functional Programming

Functions as objects

We have mentioned in passing that in R functions are treated as 1st class objects (like vectors), meaning they can be assigned names, stored in lists, passed as arguments, etc.

f = function(x) {
  x*x
}
f(2)
[1] 4
g = f
g(2)
[1] 4
l = list(f = f, g = g)
l$f(3)
[1] 9
l[[2]](4)
[1] 16
l[1](3)
Error: attempt to apply non-function

Functions as arguments

We can pass in functions as arguments to other functions,

do_calc = function(v, func) {
  func(v)
}
do_calc(1:3, sum)
[1] 6
do_calc(1:3, mean)
[1] 2
do_calc(1:3, sd)
[1] 1

Anonymous functions

These are short functions that are created without ever assigning a name,

function(x) {x+1}
function (x) 
{
    x + 1
}
(function(y) {y-1})(10)
[1] 9

this can be particularly helpful for implementing certain types of tasks,

integrate(function(x) x, 0, 1)
0.5 with absolute error < 5.6e-15
integrate(function(x) x^2-2*x+1, 0, 1)
0.3333333 with absolute error < 3.7e-15

Base R - anonymous function shorthand

Along with the base pipe (|>), R v4.1.0 introduced a shortcut for anonymous functions using \(),

(\(x) {1+x})(1:5)
[1] 2 3 4 5 6
(\(x) x^2)(10)
[1] 100
integrate(\(x) sin(x)^2, 0, 1)
0.2726756 with absolute error < 3e-15
(function(x) {1+x})(1:5)
[1] 2 3 4 5 6
(function(x) x^2)(10)
[1] 100
integrate(function(x) sin(x)^2, 0, 1)
0.2726756 with absolute error < 3e-15

We can use this with the base pipe to avoid using _,

data.frame(x = runif(10), y = runif(10)) |>
  (\(d) lm(y~x, data = d))()

Call:
lm(formula = y ~ x, data = d)

Coefficients:
(Intercept)            x  
    0.66606     -0.09099  

apply (base R)

Apply functions

The apply functions are a collection of tools for functional programming in base R, they are variations of the map function found in many other languages and apply a function over the elements of an input (vector).

??base::apply
## Help files with alias or concept or title matching ‘apply’ using fuzzy matching:
## 
## base::apply             Apply Functions Over Array Margins
## base::.subset           Internal Objects in Package 'base'
## base::by                Apply a Function to a Data Frame Split by Factors
## base::eapply            Apply a Function Over Values in an Environment
## base::lapply            Apply a Function over a List or Vector (Aliases: lapply, sapply, vapply)
## base::mapply            Apply a Function to Multiple List or Vector Arguments
## base::rapply            Recursively Apply a Function to a List
## base::tapply            Apply a Function Over a Ragged Array

for loops vs *apply functions

Of course, someone has to write loops. It doesn’t have to be you.

— Jenny Bryan

From dplyr’s Row-wise operations

R’s apply functions are not any faster than for loops, but they are often more concise and easier to read.

The chief advantage of using the apply functions is that they generally take care of the bookkeeping of collecting results and assembling them into a useful format, and doing so in a way that avoids common pitfalls (e.g. appending to an existing object).

::; {.aside} Vectorization will always be much much faster than either for loops or *apply functions. :::

lapply

Usage: lapply(X, FUN, ...)

lapply returns a list of the same length as X, each element of which is the result of applying FUN to the corresponding element of X.

lapply(1:8, sqrt) |> 
  str()
List of 8
 $ : num 1
 $ : num 1.41
 $ : num 1.73
 $ : num 2
 $ : num 2.24
 $ : num 2.45
 $ : num 2.65
 $ : num 2.83
lapply(1:8, function(x) (x+1)^2) |> 
  str()
List of 8
 $ : num 4
 $ : num 9
 $ : num 16
 $ : num 25
 $ : num 36
 $ : num 49
 $ : num 64
 $ : num 81

Argument matching

lapply(
  1:8, function(x, pow) x^pow, pow=3
) |> 
  str()
List of 8
 $ : num 1
 $ : num 8
 $ : num 27
 $ : num 64
 $ : num 125
 $ : num 216
 $ : num 343
 $ : num 512
lapply(
  1:8, function(x, pow) x^pow, x=2
) |> 
  str()
List of 8
 $ : num 2
 $ : num 4
 $ : num 8
 $ : num 16
 $ : num 32
 $ : num 64
 $ : num 128
 $ : num 256

sapply

Usage: sapply(X, FUN, ..., simplify = TRUE, USE.NAMES = TRUE)

sapply is a user-friendly version and wrapper of lapply, it is a simplifying version of lapply. Whenever possible it will return a vector, matrix, or an array.

sapply(1:8, sqrt)
[1] 1.000000 1.414214 1.732051 2.000000 2.236068 2.449490 2.645751
[8] 2.828427
sapply(1:8, function(x) (x+1)^2)
[1]  4  9 16 25 36 49 64 81
sapply(1:8, function(x) c(x, x^2, x^3))
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8]
[1,]    1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8
[2,]    1    4    9   16   25   36   49   64
[3,]    1    8   27   64  125  216  343  512

Length mismatch?

sapply(1:6, seq) |> str()
List of 6
 $ : int 1
 $ : int [1:2] 1 2
 $ : int [1:3] 1 2 3
 $ : int [1:4] 1 2 3 4
 $ : int [1:5] 1 2 3 4 5
 $ : int [1:6] 1 2 3 4 5 6
lapply(1:6, seq) |> str()
List of 6
 $ : int 1
 $ : int [1:2] 1 2
 $ : int [1:3] 1 2 3
 $ : int [1:4] 1 2 3 4
 $ : int [1:5] 1 2 3 4 5
 $ : int [1:6] 1 2 3 4 5 6

Type mismatch?

l = list(a = 1:3, b = 4:6, c = 7:9, d = list(10, 11, "A"))
sapply(l, function(x) x[1]) |> str()
List of 4
 $ a: int 1
 $ b: int 4
 $ c: int 7
 $ d: num 10
sapply(l, function(x) x[[1]]) |> str()
 Named num [1:4] 1 4 7 10
 - attr(*, "names")= chr [1:4] "a" "b" "c" "d"
sapply(l, function(x) x[[3]]) |> str()
 Named chr [1:4] "3" "6" "9" "A"
 - attr(*, "names")= chr [1:4] "a" "b" "c" "d"

*apply and data frames

We can use these functions with data frames, the key is to remember that a data frame is just a fancy list.

df = data.frame(
  a = 1:6, 
  b = letters[1:6], 
  c = c(TRUE,FALSE)
)
lapply(df, class) |> str()
List of 3
 $ a: chr "integer"
 $ b: chr "character"
 $ c: chr "logical"
sapply(df, class)
          a           b           c 
  "integer" "character"   "logical" 

A more useful example

Some sources of data (e.g. some US government agencies) will encode missing values with -999, if want to replace these with NAs lapply is not a bad choice.

d = tibble::tribble(
  ~patient_id, ~age,  ~bp,  ~o2,
            1,   32,  110,   97,
            2,   27,  100,   95,
            3,   56,  125, -999,
            4,   19, -999, -999,
            5,   65, -999,   99
)
fix_missing = function(x) {
  x[x == -999] = NA
  x
}
lapply(d, fix_missing) |> str()
List of 4
 $ patient_id: num [1:5] 1 2 3 4 5
 $ age       : num [1:5] 32 27 56 19 65
 $ bp        : num [1:5] 110 100 125 NA NA
 $ o2        : num [1:5] 97 95 NA NA 99
lapply(d, fix_missing) |>
  as_tibble()
# A tibble: 5 × 4
  patient_id   age    bp    o2
       <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1          1    32   110    97
2          2    27   100    95
3          3    56   125    NA
4          4    19    NA    NA
5          5    65    NA    99

dplyr alternative

dplyr is also a viable option here using the across() helper,

d |>
  mutate(
    across(
      bp:o2, 
      fix_missing
    )
  )
# A tibble: 5 × 4
  patient_id   age    bp    o2
       <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1          1    32   110    97
2          2    27   100    95
3          3    56   125    NA
4          4    19    NA    NA
5          5    65    NA    99
d |>
  mutate(
    across(
      where(is.numeric), 
      fix_missing
    )
  )
# A tibble: 5 × 4
  patient_id   age    bp    o2
       <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1          1    32   110    97
2          2    27   100    95
3          3    56   125    NA
4          4    19    NA    NA
5          5    65    NA    99

other less common apply functions

  • apply() - applies a function over the rows or columns of a matrix or array (data frames also work but are bad idea)

  • vapply() - is similar to sapply, but has a enforced return type and size

  • mapply() - like sapply but will iterate over multiple vectors at the same time.

  • rapply() - a recursive version of lapply, behavior depends largely on the how argument

  • eapply() - apply a function over an environment.

Map functions

Basic functions for looping over objects and returning a value (of a specific type) - type consistent replacements for lapply/sapply/vapply.

  • map() - returns a list, equivalent to lapply()

  • map_lgl() - returns a logical vector.

  • map_int() - returns a integer vector.

  • map_dbl() - returns a double vector.

  • map_chr() - returns a character vector.

  • walk() - returns nothing, used for side effects

Type Consistency

R is a weakly / dynamically typed language which means there is no syntactic way to define a function which enforces argument or return types. This flexibility can be useful at times, but often it makes it hard to reason about your code and requires more verbose code to handle edge cases.

x = list(rnorm(1e3), rnorm(1e3), rnorm(1e3))
map_dbl(x, mean)
[1]  0.01926096  0.00210620 -0.02243359
map_chr(x, mean)
Warning: Automatic coercion from double to character was deprecated in purrr
1.0.0.
ℹ Please use an explicit call to `as.character()` within `map_chr()`
  instead.
[1] "0.019261"  "0.002106"  "-0.022434"
map_int(x, mean)
Error in `map_int()`:
ℹ In index: 1.
Caused by error:
! Can't coerce from a number to an integer.
map(x, mean) |> str()
List of 3
 $ : num 0.0193
 $ : num 0.00211
 $ : num -0.0224
lapply(x, mean) |> str()
List of 3
 $ : num 0.0193
 $ : num 0.00211
 $ : num -0.0224

Working with Data Frames

purrr offers the functions map_dfr and map_dfc (which were superseded as of v1.0.0) - these allow for the construction of a data frame by row or by column respectively.

d = tibble::tribble(
  ~patient_id, ~age,  ~bp,  ~o2,
            1,   32,  110,   97,
            2,   27,  100,   95,
            3,   56,  125, -999,
            4,   19, -999, -999,
            5,   65, -999,   99
)
fix_missing = function(x) {
  x[x == -999] = NA
  x
}
purrr::map_dfc(d, fix_missing)
# A tibble: 5 × 4
  patient_id   age    bp    o2
       <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1          1    32   110    97
2          2    27   100    95
3          3    56   125    NA
4          4    19    NA    NA
5          5    65    NA    99
purrr::map(d, fix_missing) |> 
  bind_cols()
# A tibble: 5 × 4
  patient_id   age    bp    o2
       <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1          1    32   110    97
2          2    27   100    95
3          3    56   125    NA
4          4    19    NA    NA
5          5    65    NA    99

Building by row

map(sw_people, function(x) x[1:5]) |> bind_rows()
# A tibble: 87 × 5
   name               height mass  hair_color    skin_color 
   <chr>              <chr>  <chr> <chr>         <chr>      
 1 Luke Skywalker     172    77    blond         fair       
 2 C-3PO              167    75    n/a           gold       
 3 R2-D2              96     32    n/a           white, blue
 4 Darth Vader        202    136   none          white      
 5 Leia Organa        150    49    brown         light      
 6 Owen Lars          178    120   brown, grey   light      
 7 Beru Whitesun lars 165    75    brown         light      
 8 R5-D4              97     32    n/a           white, red 
 9 Biggs Darklighter  183    84    black         light      
10 Obi-Wan Kenobi     182    77    auburn, white fair       
# ℹ 77 more rows
map(sw_people, function(x) x) |> bind_rows()
Error in `vctrs::data_frame()`:
! Can't recycle `name` (size 5) to match `vehicles` (size 2).

purrr style anonymous functions

purrr lets us write anonymous functions using one sided formulas where the argument is given by . or .x for map and related functions.

map_dbl(1:5, function(x) x/(x+1))
[1] 0.5000000 0.6666667 0.7500000 0.8000000 0.8333333
map_dbl(1:5, ~ ./(.+1))
[1] 0.5000000 0.6666667 0.7500000 0.8000000 0.8333333
map_dbl(1:5, ~ .x/(.x+1))
[1] 0.5000000 0.6666667 0.7500000 0.8000000 0.8333333


Generally, the latter option is preferred to avoid confusion with magrittr.

Multiargument anonymous functions

Functions with the map2 prefix work the same as the map prefixed functions but they iterate over two objects instead of one. Arguments for an anonymous function are given by .x and .y (or ..1 and ..2) respectively.

map2_dbl(1:5, 1:5, function(x,y) x / (y+1))
[1] 0.5000000 0.6666667 0.7500000 0.8000000 0.8333333
map2_dbl(1:5, 1:5, ~ .x/(.y+1))
[1] 0.5000000 0.6666667 0.7500000 0.8000000 0.8333333
map2_dbl(1:5, 1:5, ~ ..1/(..2+1))
[1] 0.5000000 0.6666667 0.7500000 0.8000000 0.8333333
map2_chr(LETTERS[1:5], letters[1:5], paste0)
[1] "Aa" "Bb" "Cc" "Dd" "Ee"

Indexed maps

purrr also has a collection of imap prefixed functions which are short hand for mapping over an object and the indexes of that object (i.e. seq_along(obj)).

iwalk(
  letters[1:5],
  ~cat("index: ", .y, ", value: ", .x, "\n", sep="")  
)
index: 1, value: a
index: 2, value: b
index: 3, value: c
index: 4, value: d
index: 5, value: e

Lookups

Very often we want to extract only certain values by name or position from a list, purrr provides a shorthand for this operation - instead of a function you can provide either a character or numeric vector, those values will be used to sequentially subset the elements being iterated.

purrr::map_chr(sw_people, "name") |> head()
[1] "Luke Skywalker" "C-3PO"          "R2-D2"         
[4] "Darth Vader"    "Leia Organa"    "Owen Lars"     
purrr::map_chr(sw_people, 1) |> head()
[1] "Luke Skywalker" "C-3PO"          "R2-D2"         
[4] "Darth Vader"    "Leia Organa"    "Owen Lars"     
purrr::map_chr(sw_people, list("films", 1)) |> head(n=10)
 [1] "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
 [3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
 [5] "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
 [7] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
 [9] "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"

Length coercion?

purrr::map_chr(sw_people, list("starships", 1))
Error in `purrr::map_chr()`:
ℹ In index: 2.
Caused by error:
! Result must be length 1, not 0.
sw_people[[2]]$name
[1] "C-3PO"
sw_people[[2]]$starships
NULL
purrr::map_chr(sw_people, list("starships", 1), .default = NA) |> head(4)
[1] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/"
[2] NA                                 
[3] NA                                 
[4] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/13/"
purrr::map(sw_people, list("starships", 1)) |> head() |> str()
List of 6
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/13/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL

list columns

(chars = tibble(
  name = purrr::map_chr(
    sw_people, "name"
  ),
  starships = purrr::map(
    sw_people, "starships"
  )
))
# A tibble: 87 × 2
   name               starships
   <chr>              <list>   
 1 Luke Skywalker     <chr [2]>
 2 C-3PO              <NULL>   
 3 R2-D2              <NULL>   
 4 Darth Vader        <chr [1]>
 5 Leia Organa        <NULL>   
 6 Owen Lars          <NULL>   
 7 Beru Whitesun lars <NULL>   
 8 R5-D4              <NULL>   
 9 Biggs Darklighter  <chr [1]>
10 Obi-Wan Kenobi     <chr [5]>
# ℹ 77 more rows
chars |>
  mutate(
    n_starships = map_int(
      starships, length
    )
  )
# A tibble: 87 × 3
   name               starships n_starships
   <chr>              <list>          <int>
 1 Luke Skywalker     <chr [2]>           2
 2 C-3PO              <NULL>              0
 3 R2-D2              <NULL>              0
 4 Darth Vader        <chr [1]>           1
 5 Leia Organa        <NULL>              0
 6 Owen Lars          <NULL>              0
 7 Beru Whitesun lars <NULL>              0
 8 R5-D4              <NULL>              0
 9 Biggs Darklighter  <chr [1]>           1
10 Obi-Wan Kenobi     <chr [5]>           5
# ℹ 77 more rows

Complex heirarchical data

Often we may encounter complex data structures where our goal is not to rectangle every value (which may not even be possible) but rather to rectangle a small subset of the data.

str(repurrrsive::discog, max.level = 3)
List of 155
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 354823933
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-02-16T17:48:59-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2015
  .. ..$ master_url  : NULL
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 7496378
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/vEVegHrMNTsP6xG_K6OuFXz4h_U=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Demo"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/EmbMh7vsElksjRgoXLFSuY1sjRQ=/fit-in/500x499/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/7496378"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 0
  ..$ id               : int 7496378
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 354092601
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-02-13T14:13:11-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2013
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/553057"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 4490852
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/nRZbcvVNygyNFKg5IjUd5YesF_c=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Observant Com El Mon Es Destrueix"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/eBbQ9jaiHKFeSXLwBEbxq6nl8Wo=/fit-in/600x600/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/4490852"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 553057
  ..$ id               : int 4490852
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 354091476
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-02-13T14:07:23-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2017
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/1109943"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 9827276
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/x6GUri3hXAcfzF2wz5jQloomOoY=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "I"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/7aJPlo2phtFL-T2Kt6MTBc0uftY=/fit-in/600x600/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/9827276"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 1109943
  ..$ id               : int 9827276
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 351244906
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-02-02T11:39:58-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 3
  .. ..$ year        : int 2017
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/1128934"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 9769203
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/eHz44JyqS_3lVHwmB7SiYsmaFgw=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Oído Absoluto"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/gS7kZaQLa4PaOtLizmpdKOClSo8=/fit-in/600x600/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/9769203"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 1128934
  ..$ id               : int 9769203
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 351244801
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-02-02T11:39:37-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2015
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/857592"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 7237138
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/dqDk2TN2jkMZKFya71998oTRGcI=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "A Cat's Cause, No Dogs Problem"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/qXfi2e4YuS90_abWt0Tt-hsCHSQ=/fit-in/600x600/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/7237138"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 857592
  ..$ id               : int 7237138
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 351052065
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-02-01T20:40:53-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2019
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/1498137"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 13117042
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/ahomwZjjZ5-l730LYIsJp3BikX4=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Tashme"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/LRDyHX3PR-m6gBt67pJ7JbdFB6M=/fit-in/600x600/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/13117042"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 1498137
  ..$ id               : int 13117042
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350315345
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T15:48:37-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2014
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/852880"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 7113575
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/Uo5drP3W-Fje5fPnS1te9J1hEcY=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Demo"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/xTk-opTWRxEvsZB4eWppEBAatPM=/fit-in/600x906/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/7113575"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 852880
  ..$ id               : int 7113575
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350315103
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T15:47:22-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2015
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/869410"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 10540713
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/4sniB6eUWvwb6DdUMiHhbGRs6P8=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Let The Miracles Begin"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/UareU8W932i1M9SWi78mU5nxHp8=/fit-in/422x676/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/10540713"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 869410
  ..$ id               : int 10540713
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350314507
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T15:44:08-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2017
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/1281224"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 11260950
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr ""
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Sub Space"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/720182381cfb1a9425d9b33c5e2bd091040f9ebd/images/spacer.gif"
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/11260950"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 1281224
  ..$ id               : int 11260950
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350314047
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T15:41:35-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2017
  .. ..$ master_url  : NULL
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 11726853
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/Ab5W0qBKR9o85x4X00_bTCyQ_zU=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Demo"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/jYo5eqe_CE-oCzw2kk9YxAE3vIY=/fit-in/600x593/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/11726853"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 0
  ..$ id               : int 11726853
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350313874
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T15:40:31-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2015
  .. ..$ master_url  : NULL
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 12025267
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/HeAHFNXClJGzTy9cGAYWj3cuvLw=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Pines"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/Eur8siPTHzxxPRFENhqsxNMajII=/fit-in/600x561/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/12025267"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 0
  ..$ id               : int 12025267
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350313508
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T15:38:14-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2016
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/972644"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 8252472
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/2B-rz9aBXELHJlu0su874sYMnHs=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Domo"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/RcScS9-uMiV-SLdtwg__0f6QIM4=/fit-in/561x561/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/8252472"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 972644
  ..$ id               : int 8252472
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350313380
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T15:37:40-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2017
  .. ..$ master_url  : NULL
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 9667355
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/sXDSrClHFro2u2A9TFYh7dPdS5U=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Eat Snot & Rot!"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/pAwNmFILIbXb5t0r7NpSBzhbp4s=/fit-in/600x946/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/9667355"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 0
  ..$ id               : int 9667355
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350313358
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T15:37:31-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2015
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/927900"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 7847097
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/ZmYxOj_4c6atRVxfDZZJBL4_pok=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "American Hate's Greatest Hits"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/Izl88DFAtfkQrVkcIZya36M937A=/fit-in/600x785/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/7847097"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 927900
  ..$ id               : int 7847097
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350313270
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T15:36:59-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2017
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/1185520"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 10347810
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/qpOOs5kwsYaR7AS9D24y_ur6z98=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Relaxed Mike"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/EQkBb0dZMkU6EBbSoc7lq6l2uZc=/fit-in/600x575/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/10347810"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 1185520
  ..$ id               : int 10347810
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350313246
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T15:36:50-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2015
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/975745"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 7949818
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/PgWN047_t1ZKmFSIO9E1LKYJXL4=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Demo"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/tcLFSKTHu76N2kbj8ev9OuMSbyg=/fit-in/600x940/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/7949818"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 975745
  ..$ id               : int 7949818
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350313107
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T15:36:07-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2018
  .. ..$ master_url  : NULL
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 12075374
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/ctCFeQCg9iGSjzMyNAwEEMWyz0c=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Demo Hits"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/bg41i6neeMAQKPeJL3HRL2FLkMI=/fit-in/600x600/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/12075374"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 0
  ..$ id               : int 12075374
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350312972
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T15:35:18-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
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  .. ..$ title       : chr "Demo 2017"
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  .. ..$ title       : chr "Demo"
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  .. ..$ title       : chr "Demo"
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  .. ..$ title       : chr "Under The Bleacherz"
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  .. ..$ title       : chr "Louder Than Bombs"
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 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350250943
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T11:13:51-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2014
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/816045"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 6840169
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr ""
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Sheer Mag"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/720182381cfb1a9425d9b33c5e2bd091040f9ebd/images/spacer.gif"
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/6840169"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 816045
  ..$ id               : int 6840169
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350250880
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T11:13:38-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2017
  .. ..$ master_url  : NULL
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 11967072
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/_UHrk4FFLVFShzDfLp33NMFbXBo=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Pleather"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/5vJhGU_WqFFKQ1InP8R-tFszqEE=/fit-in/600x605/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/11967072"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 0
  ..$ id               : int 11967072
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350250829
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T11:13:26-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2017
  .. ..$ master_url  : NULL
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 11406918
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/YqQ2XnbWwLeGNKJyWfmH-wn-C-A=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Demo 2017: The Savage Season Continues"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/sDWOcz8xKn0SrJolDDZlJJMOd1E=/fit-in/600x337/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/11406918"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 0
  ..$ id               : int 11406918
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350250392
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T11:11:37-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2016
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/1022491"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 8716048
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/7B0RImA1dFyqaoQq31FxOJZ1CCc=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Demo II: Demolition"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/8_jZuKGtAkSb01P1CTkkwHuOdhU=/fit-in/600x450/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/8716048"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 1022491
  ..$ id               : int 8716048
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350250308
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T11:11:15-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2015
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/931450"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 7872463
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/1nIRrHMaFejjkXQUGVOJiP4or90=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Firewalker"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/jkWVBAINbUg31Vq1ZFaHeTpXt4k=/fit-in/600x945/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/7872463"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 931450
  ..$ id               : int 7872463
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350249933
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T11:09:44-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2016
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/3010"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 9367350
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/rcKrWoZ_WiXsQHbFgRIQx75PfF8=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/OgF-vBU5Xg5J50eAM-l1afdKon4=/fit-in/600x589/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/9367350"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 3010
  ..$ id               : int 9367350
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350229177
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T09:49:48-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2007
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/114440"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 5411566
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/ZOkkzpmc1M4vKRrrcjKV8Hg6bnE=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "The Execution Of All Things"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/trBUxbAR6Apxb75cGlDx--gvNlA=/fit-in/600x607/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/5411566"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 114440
  ..$ id               : int 5411566
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350228963
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T09:49:00-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2013
  .. ..$ master_url  : NULL
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 4465008
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/WldYrGwYKGK1XidLyTlSWp4AB2c=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Hard Coming Down"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/MLyvpmQzMWo3J5az5FKbdutkjtE=/fit-in/600x600/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/4465008"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 0
  ..$ id               : int 4465008
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350228728
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T09:48:10-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 2
  .. ..$ year        : int 2005
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/568505"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 2
  .. ..$ id          : int 2708889
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/OS43S9SS3NBJrPuQD7cXnvv7Tx0=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Discography"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/W-hruyqqLeRszKN2y64DqQeX-bw=/fit-in/600x613/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/2708889"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 568505
  ..$ id               : int 2708889
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350228630
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T09:47:45-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 2
  .. ..$ year        : int 2018
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/245859"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 13020644
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/YarwZe8Yytw4RpOFREAYuzoyd2s=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Set It Off"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/DFsJffb5b33g5U2oFIAGuScggFM=/fit-in/600x598/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/13020644"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 245859
  ..$ id               : int 13020644
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350228478
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T09:47:04-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2010
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/228208"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 2138452
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/qt5wNIzxPd8Qkx0a95QE24F7YUo=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Dear God, I Hate Myself"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/_c2HqyQjEZw6K78Umhfw7SChvoc=/fit-in/320x320/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/2138452"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 228208
  ..$ id               : int 2138452
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350228069
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T09:45:26-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2015
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/1323130"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 2
  .. ..$ id          : int 6850381
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/juammt5dYgJCyX92EFneTYnRicY=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Merzxiu"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/dCuLZ3tcYuOsSQTDv1luUyg-QSA=/fit-in/600x600/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/6850381"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 1323130
  ..$ id               : int 6850381
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350228020
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T09:45:13-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 2
  .. ..$ year        : int 2014
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/709327"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 1
  .. ..$ id          : int 6487988
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/eR4rkFC_MG_ZnEpE4SqRmF6m-8U=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "Vexx"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/2HNTCn8IC1xhUNcCLqjLoNHTsxg=/fit-in/600x600/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/6487988"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 709327
  ..$ id               : int 6487988
  ..$ rating           : int 0
 $ :List of 5
  ..$ instance_id      : int 350227901
  ..$ date_added       : chr "2019-01-29T09:44:47-08:00"
  ..$ basic_information:List of 11
  .. ..$ labels      :List of 1
  .. ..$ year        : int 2014
  .. ..$ master_url  : chr "https://api.discogs.com/masters/687939"
  .. ..$ artists     :List of 3
  .. ..$ id          : int 5695822
  .. ..$ thumb       : chr "https://img.discogs.com/oIksRThmmBZt9Bf1AtGI25RqDj8=/fit-in/150x150/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ title       : chr "USA '13"
  .. ..$ formats     :List of 1
  .. ..$ cover_image : chr "https://img.discogs.com/u3NWWoeMwkLalbCoMVZt14JuBf4=/fit-in/600x600/filters:strip_icc():format(jpeg):mode_rgb()"| __truncated__
  .. ..$ resource_url: chr "https://api.discogs.com/releases/5695822"
  .. ..$ master_id   : int 687939
  ..$ id               : int 5695822
  ..$ rating           : int 0
  [list output truncated]

Partial vs complete rectangling

In the case of discog we may want to rectangle the id, year, title, artist, and label fields but leave the rest of the data as is.

In cases like this using tidyr’s unnest_wider() and unnest_long() is not ideal as they will attempt to rectangle the entire data set when we only want a subset. There is no need to do the expensive work of unnesting columns we will never use.

purrr’s map_*() functions and tidyr’s hoist() function are useful for targeting specific columns to rectangle.

purrr

tibble(disc = repurrrsive::discog) |>
  mutate(
    id     = purrr::map_int(disc, "id"),
    year   = purrr::map_int(disc, c("basic_information", "year")),
    title  = purrr::map_chr(disc, c("basic_information", "title")),
    artist = purrr::map_chr(disc, list("basic_information", "artists", 1, "name")),
    label  = purrr::map_chr(disc, list("basic_information", "labels", 1, "name"))
  )
# A tibble: 155 × 6
   disc                   id  year title                  artist label
   <list>              <int> <int> <chr>                  <chr>  <chr>
 1 <named list [5]>  7496378  2015 Demo                   Mollot Tobi…
 2 <named list [5]>  4490852  2013 Observant Com El Mon … Una B… La V…
 3 <named list [5]>  9827276  2017 I                      S.H.I… La V…
 4 <named list [5]>  9769203  2017 Oído Absoluto          Rata … La V…
 5 <named list [5]>  7237138  2015 A Cat's Cause, No Dog… Ivy (… Kato…
 6 <named list [5]> 13117042  2019 Tashme                 Tashme High…
 7 <named list [5]>  7113575  2014 Demo                   Desgr… Mind…
 8 <named list [5]> 10540713  2015 Let The Miracles Begin Phant… Not …
 9 <named list [5]> 11260950  2017 Sub Space              Sub S… Not …
10 <named list [5]> 11726853  2017 Demo                   Small… Pres…
# ℹ 145 more rows

hoist()

tibble(disc = repurrrsive::discog) %>% 
  hoist(
    disc, 
    id = "id",
    year = c("basic_information", "year"), 
    title = c("basic_information", "title"),
    artist = list("basic_information", "artists", 1, "name"),
    label = list("basic_information", "labels", 1, "name")
  )
# A tibble: 155 × 6
         id  year title                      artist label disc        
      <int> <int> <chr>                      <chr>  <chr> <list>      
 1  7496378  2015 Demo                       Mollot Tobi… <named list>
 2  4490852  2013 Observant Com El Mon Es D… Una B… La V… <named list>
 3  9827276  2017 I                          S.H.I… La V… <named list>
 4  9769203  2017 Oído Absoluto              Rata … La V… <named list>
 5  7237138  2015 A Cat's Cause, No Dogs Pr… Ivy (… Kato… <named list>
 6 13117042  2019 Tashme                     Tashme High… <named list>
 7  7113575  2014 Demo                       Desgr… Mind… <named list>
 8 10540713  2015 Let The Miracles Begin     Phant… Not … <named list>
 9 11260950  2017 Sub Space                  Sub S… Not … <named list>
10 11726853  2017 Demo                       Small… Pres… <named list>
# ℹ 145 more rows

Example


List columns and approximating pi